What is Raynaud’s Phenomenon?
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a condition where small blood vessels in the fingers and toes overreact to cold temperatures or stress. This leads to episodes of reduced blood flow, causing the affected areas to turn white or blue and feel cold or numb.

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There are two types:

• Primary Raynaud’s – Occurs on its own, more common and usually mild.

• Secondary Raynaud’s – Associated with autoimmune diseases like scleroderma or lupus; may be more severe.

 

Signs & Symptoms

• Color changes in fingers or toes: white → blue → red

• Cold, numb, or prickly feeling during attacks

• Tingling or throbbing as blood flow returns

• Most commonly affects fingers, toes; sometimes ears, nose, lips

 

Triggers

• Cold exposure (air conditioning, holding cold drinks)

• Emotional stress

• Vibrating tools (e.g., power tools)

• Smoking or caffeine (may worsen symptoms)

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Diagnosis

• Physical examination and symptom history

• Nailfold capillaroscopy (examining tiny blood vessels under a microscope)

• Blood tests may be done to look for underlying autoimmune conditions

 

Treatment & Management

Lifestyle Tips:

• Dress warmly; use gloves and socks in cold weather

• Avoid sudden temperature changes

• Manage stress with relaxation techniques

• Don’t smoke; limit caffeine intake

 

Medications:

• Calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine) to improve blood flow

• Topical nitroglycerin or other vasodilators in some cases

• Treatment of underlying autoimmune disease if present

 

When to Call the Doctor

• If symptoms worsen or last longer than usual

• If sores or ulcers develop on fingers or toes

• If you suspect it may be related to another condition