What is Sarcoidosis? 

 

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease in which the immune system forms small clumps of inflammatory cells, called granulomas, in various parts of the body. It most commonly affects the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and eyes, but it can involve any organ.

 

Causes and Risk Factors

• Exact cause is unknown, but it may be linked to an abnormal immune response to environmental triggers.

• Most common in adults ages 20–40.

• Higher prevalence in African American individuals and those of Scandinavian descent.

• Family history may increase risk.

 

Common Symptoms

• General: Fatigue, fever, weight loss

• Lungs: Dry cough, shortness of breath, chest pain

• Skin: Rashes, lumps, or discolored areas (especially on the shins)

• Eyes: Redness, pain, blurred vision

• Joints: Swelling and pain

Many people have no symptoms and are diagnosed through a chest X-ray or scan done for another reason.

Diagnosis

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Diagnosis is based on:

• Medical history and physical exam

• Imaging: Chest X-ray, CT scan

• Lab tests

• Biopsy: To confirm granulomas

• Rule out other causes of granulomas, like infections or other autoimmune diseases.

 

Treatment

Not everyone with sarcoidosis needs treatment. When necessary, treatment aims to reduce inflammation:

• Corticosteroids (like prednisone) – First-line treatment

• Immunosuppressive medications – For more severe or resistant cases

• Organ-specific treatments – If organs like the heart or eyes are affected

Regular follow-up with your rheumatologist is essential to monitor symptoms, manage medications, and check for complications.

 

Living with Sarcoidosis

• Most people recover or manage the disease well with treatment.

• In some cases, it can become chronic or lead to long-term organ damage.

• Healthy habits: Don’t smoke, eat a balanced diet, stay active, and keep appointments.